LONDON — China's state visit to Britain moved from warm toasts and ceremony to cold, hard cash Wednesday, with business deals including a major Chinese investment in the U.K.'s first nuclear power station since the 1980s.
President Xi Jinping is expected to sign an agreement that will lead to his country financing 30 percent of the cost of the Hinckley Point plant in southwest England. It is set to be completed by 2025 and will be built by Electricite de France and a group led by China's state-owned nuclear company. EDF sought investors after it was unable to cover the cost of the deal alone.
The British government has agreed to underwrite 2 billion pounds ($3.1 billion) in Chinese financing to secure the deal and pave the way for majority Chinese ownership of a second nuclear plant planned for England's southeast.
The nuclear agreement has faced criticism from those who suggest Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron has been wooing the Chinese for trade deals while ignoring the country's human rights record.
Others worry about letting an undemocratic emerging superpower with powerful espionage capabilities access to Britain's critical infrastructure.
"It won't be the physical security that matters, but the cybersecurity," said Alan Woodward, visiting professor of computing at the University of Surrey. "We don't want a foreign power being able to quite literally turn off the lights from some remote location."
Xi has been welcomed with lavish ceremony on his visit, which began Tuesday with a day of pomp that culminated in a banquet at Buckingham Palace during which Kate, the Duchess of Cambridge, toasted the Chinese leader.
Xi also addressed both houses of Parliament on Tuesday, and held talks with Cameron at 10 Downing St. on Wednesday.
Accompanied by Kate and her husband Prince William, Xi viewed innovative examples of U.K.-Chinese collaboration, including low-emission versions of a London black cab, a red London bus and James Bond's favored Aston Martin car — all due to be developed through deals between the two countries. He also met some members of the team behind hit British TV exports "Sherlock" and "Poldark," and action star Jackie Chan, at an event celebrating Britain's creative industries.
Not everyone in Britain has welcomed the government's charm offensive. Xi's visit has drawn protests from human rights and pro-Tibet groups — though they have been outnumbered by Chinese flag-waving pro-Xi crowds.
Steve Hilton, a former close adviser to Cameron, called the visit "one of the worst national humiliations we've seen."
"I think that we have to be much tougher," he told the BBC. "I think that we should consider sanctions on China, not rolling out the red carpet."
Opposition politicians and trade unionists also have urged Cameron to stand up to Xi over what they see as unfair Chinese commercial competition.
U.K.-based steelmakers have announced several thousand layoffs in recent weeks in a crisis that manufacturers blame on China selling steel at a loss on world markets to secure its own market share.
Challenged in the House of Commons to do more to support British steel,Cameron said the industry was in "a very difficult situation" because of oversupply and a collapse in world steel prices. He said Britain would take action on several fronts, including "unfair competition and dumping."
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying told reporters in Beijing that "some disagreements or frictions" between economic partners were inevitable.
"The most important part is that both countries agree to properly handle these disagreements and frictions through discussion on the basis of equality and mutual benefit," she said.
The nuclear investment is the highest-profile of around 30 billion pounds ($46 billion) in business deals that Britain hopes will be signed during Xi's four-day stay.
Others include a 325 million-pound ($502 million) package of partnerships in the creative and technology, including a 50 million-pound ($77 million) deal between Aston Martin and China Equity to develop its zero-emission RapidE sports car.
Britain also plans to slash the price of visas for Chinese tourists in hopes of attracting more visitors.